There
are numerous hadiths concerning water. A hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah (may
Allah be pleased with him) states that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon
him) said: "Surplus water must not be withheld (dammed up), for doing
so prevents the growth of pasture (herbage)." Another hadith, narrated
by Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him), illustrates how the imparting of
guidance and knowledge resembles raindrops moistening the earth. Sometimes
these drops fall on barren ground, and at other times on fertile soil; the
fertile ground represents those who are wise regarding the religion of Allah
and who utilize that knowledge to the fullest extent. The status and importance
of water in life are highlighted in many verses and hadiths: "...And We
made from water every living thing..." (Al-Anbiya: 30). Like land, the
total amount of water in the world remains constant; only its form changes.
Therefore, water must be managed wisely and equitably. "And We sent
down water from the sky in a measured amount and settled it in the earth"
(Al-Mu’minun: 18). Among all commodities, the cultivation of paddy rice
consumes the most water.
To
avoid waste—since wastefulness is the companion of Satan—experts have developed
"intermittent irrigation" technology, based on the principle of using
only the necessary amount of water. This technology offers many benefits.
Beyond conserving water—thereby allowing a larger area of rice fields to be
irrigated—other benefits include enabling roots to access air and grow deeper,
preventing iron toxicity, preventing the accumulation of organic acids and
hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas that inhibit root development, reducing crop
lodging, activating beneficial microorganisms, reducing the number of
unproductive tillers, ensuring uniform grain ripening, accelerating harvest
time, facilitating fertilizer application, and easing the control of golden
apple snails while suppressing the spread of brown planthoppers, stem borers,
and rats.
Water
fosters collective action and a sense of community. A Hadith narrated by Ahmad
and Abu Dawud states: "People share in three things: pasture, water, and
fire." Just as with land, there is a social dimension to the ownership of
water. Therefore, springs and wells must be made available for public use.
Anyone possessing a water source is obliged to allow others to access it;
monopolizing it solely for oneself and one's family is not permitted.
Because
water is so precious, it must be carefully protected. Islam forbids disposing
of waste in places that would contaminate water and render it unusable. "Indeed,
the Prophet forbade urinating in stagnant water" (Narrated by Muslim).
Water must not be wasted, even when it is abundant.
Water
is a primary blessing bestowed by Allah upon His creation. Through water, Allah
creates, sustains, nurtures, and develops all living beings on earth. "And
Allah has created every [living] creature from water. Of them are those that
move on their bellies, and of them are those that walk on two legs, and of them
are those that walk on four legs. Allah creates what He wills. Indeed, Allah is
over all things competent." (An-Nur: 45). Reverence for water is a
deeply rooted cultural practice among various communities in our society. They
perform symbolic rituals such as the irung-irung ceremony, grebeg tirto aji, mapag
toya, and mapag cai. Additionally, there are ceremonies like nglampet at the
Sumber Pakel spring in Lumajang, dawuhan (a water conservation practice) in
Karanganyar, and Hajat Huluwotan, which focuses on preserving the headwaters of
water sources.
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